You, the Evidence.

You. Yes, you; sitting there reading this blog. How do you know that you are really sitting there reading this blog? Well you can see the computer screen full of letters and words in front of you. You can feel the seat beneath you. If you look around you can see your surroundings; whether you are in a room at a desk top, or at a coffee house or park on a lap-top. You can hear the sounds of people and/or things around you.

But everything you observe, you observe with your five senses - sight, sound, touch, smell, and taste. And all of your senses depend on your brain and nerves to operate in an orderly, systematic manner. How do you know that they do operate in an orderly manner? How do you know that your five senses are reliable as means of observation. You might test one against another, but how do you know that any one of them is reliably relaying accurate information about your surroundings? As C.S. Lewis wrote, "All possible knowledge then, depends on the validity of reasoning...Unless human reasoning is valid no science can be true (Miracles; chapter 3, paragraph 5). 

And elsewhere he wrote, "If the solar system was brought about by an accidental collision, then the appearance of organic life on this planet was also an accident, and the whole evolution of Man was an accident too. If so, then all our present thoughts are mere accidents - the accidental by-product of the movement of atoms. And this holds true for the thoughts of the materialists and astronomers as well as anyone else's. But if their thoughts - of materialism and astronomy - are merely accidental by-products, why should we believe them to be true?".
     
Atheism claims that your brain and nerve system are the product of random, unguided, unintelligent processes. But how could random, unguided, unintelligent processes produce an intricate system that can observe and interpret information in an orderly and reliable manner? It is simply irrational to believe that such order; such systems, and complex, intelligible information arose from random, unguided, mindless processes. If anyone believes that their brain is the product of such processes, and yet considers their brain to be a reliable means of observation, then they are not a rational thinker. Their worldview is irrational.

The truth is that you yourself are the only evidence that you should reasonably need in order to believe in God. It is only because you and your brain (which is merely the physical representation of your metaphysical mind) were purposefully made by an orderly Creator, sovereign Lawgiver, and loving God, that you are able to think and make valid observations about your surroundings. In fact, God is love (1 John 4:8). And He created all things to operate in an orderly, rational manner. "For God is not the author of confusion but of peace, as in all the churches of the saints" (1 Corinthians 14:33). And He created humanity in His own image (Genesis 1:26-27) for the purpose of love (Matthew 22:37-40).

All of your bodily functions; the ability to feed yourself, absorb nutrients, and expel toxins are designed by God for your good. The ability to breathe air; your lungs, your blood which then carries oxygen to the cells and tissues throughout your body, the heart, veins, arteries, capillaries working to pump the blood throughout your body, all of these were purposefully designed by God who is love, for your good. If your cells, tissues, organs, systems are in working order, that is because God made, and allows them to continue working. And that is something for which to be grateful.

According to some atheists, to say that God designed and sustains it is all just an "argument from silence" or "ignorance". According to them, it amounts to saying, "I don't understand how this could have happened so it must have been God". However, it is not an argument from ignorance. It is an argument from valid observations about the functions of the human brain and nerve system; as well as the digestive, respiratory, and circulatory systems. We creationists understand just fine that the universe (including the human brain and biology) operates according to orderly sets of laws, being made of intricate and orderly systems, encoded with intelligible information.

And if anyone says that "God designed it" is an argument from silence or ignorance, we creationist can just as easily say that "random processes did it" is an argument from ignorance or silence; because the wicked are ignorant of the Word and the power of God so that they are spiritually deaf to His truth (John 1:1-5, Matthew 22:29). In fact, I say again, if anyone believes that their brain is the product of random, unguided, unintelligent processes, and yet considers their brain to be a reliable means of observation, then they are not a rational thinker.

Sir Charles Bell (anatomist, surgeon, physiologist, and theologian; 1774-1842) wrote, "If we select any object in the whole extent of animated nature, (that would include your physical body) and contemplate it fully and in all its bearings, we shall certainly come to this conclusion: that there is Design in the mechanical construction, Benevolence in the endowments of the living properties, and that Good on the whole is the result". Concerning anyone who fails to recognize and appreciate design in nature, Bell wrote, "is not his insensibility to the Giver of these secret endowments worse than ingratitude?" (emphasis added).

There are some who consider all the brokenness in the world; sickness, disease, handicaps and suffering of every kind, to be an argument against God. But the truth is more complex than that. The brokenness that we find in the world is only recognized as brokenness because of its sharp contrast with the order and design that we also find prevalent in the universe. And so we can see that the world's brokenness is evidence of the Fall of Humanity, recorded in Genesis chapter three. 

Now this does not mean that all specific cases of suffering, disease, and death is punishment for a specific sin committed by a specific individual or group. Rather, it simply means that the only reason that suffering, disease, and death exist in the first place is because of sin in general. As the Scripture says: "So, in the same way that sin entered the world through one person, and death came through sin, so death spread to all human beings with the result that all sinned" (Romans 5:12; Common English Bible).

So now we see that the brokenness that we find in our world is evidence of the need for a Savior. And that Savior came two thousand years ago to die on a cross for our sin, just outside of Jerusalem. And He arose from the dead so that all who trust in Him also have the hope of the resurrection from the dead and eternal life with new, perfect, immortal bodies (1 Peter 1:3-5; also read 1 Corinthians 15). 

You see, even in the midst of all the world's brokenness, Christ's love takes opportunity to shine forth. As Shakespeare put it, "How far that little candle throws his beams! So shines a good deed in a weary world". Jesus set this as our example, that we should find opportunity to do the work of His kingdom in the midst of all the world's brokenness (John 9:1-5, John 8:12, Matthew 5:14-16).

By the works that Jesus Christ accomplished in His earthy life and death, and by His resurrection from the dead; He has made it possible for sinners (we are all sinners, Romans 3:23) to be reconciled to the heavenly Father. That means turning away from sin, being freed from its control, and learning to live in harmony with the Divine nature (2 Peter 1:3-5). And as a result, we who trust in Christ will be restored to the perfection that was before the Fall. As Philip Yancey wrote, "Death, decay, entropy, and destruction are the true suspensions of God's laws; miracles are the early glimpses of restoration".

Laws, Traditions, and the Natures of God and Humanity

The Scriptures tell the truth that the laws and statutes of the LORD are perfect, and that we are to delight in them (Psalm 1:1-3, Psalm 19:7-11, & Psalm 119). But some of the commandments of the LORD might seem more human to us than Divine. 

For example, there are laws in the Pentateuch that detail how masters should treat their slaves. And there are ceremonial laws concerning women's menstrual cycles, and which animals were considered "clean" or "unclean" for eating or for sacrifice, and things like that.

I think that the Law of Moses, as a whole, is kind of like the layout of the Tabernacle (portable temple) which God commanded the Israelites to to construct. The Tabernacle, and later the Temple in Jerusalem, had the outer courtyard, into which the people could enter to offer their sacrifices. 

Then there was the tent itself which was divided into two parts; the Holy place, and the Most Holy place. Both parts were more sacred, and restricted than the outer court. And the Most Holy place (or the Holy of Holies) was so sacred and restricted that only the High Priest was ever allowed to enter it; and only once a year.

Similarly, it seems that the Law of Moses is comprised of what we might call common laws, comparable to the code of Hammurabi, as well as more holy laws. It is also important to consider the role of human traditions which can differ from time to time, and from place to place. Because when God gave the Law to the Israelites through Moses, He accommodated their human traditions. 

For example, some cultures (including that of the ancient Israelites) have practiced arranged marriage. I live in a culture that allows couples to date and to choose each other, without the parents betrothing them. I think both cultural practices have their pros and cons to them. 

Neither practice is morally wrong, in and of itself. In a culture of arranged marriage, the parents ought to be considerate of the needs and welfare of their son or daughter in choosing the right spouse for them. In the culture in which I live, it is up to each person to be wise or foolish in choosing a spouse.

Now the Ten Commandments, which were carved in tablets of stone by God's own finger, might be comparable to the Holy place of the Tabernacle. They are holy in nature, not cultural. And then the heart and soul of the Law is found in Deuteronomy 6:5, "You shall love the LORD your God with all your heart, with all your soul, and with all your strength"; and in Leviticus 19:18, "...you shall love your neighbor as yourself." Jesus said that these are the two greatest commandments, and that all the other commandments hang on them (Matthew 22:37-40).

In order to understand the Law of Moses, it is important to realize what the purpose of the Law was in the first place. The apostle Paul, under the direction of the Holy Spirit, informs us that the Law was made for sinners, to make clear our inability to attain righteousness (1 Timothy 1:9, Romans 3:20). 

Jesus Himself made that pretty clear when He preached the Sermon on the Mount, which is recorded in Matthew chapters 5-7. He said that if you look at a woman to lust after her, you have already committed the sin of adultery with her in your heart. And if you hate someone, you have already murdered that person in your heart. 

So the Law was given to Moses for sinners, to make them aware of their sin. By the law we become conscious of our alienation from God. It reveals the discord between our fallen human nature and the perfect, immaculate nature of God who is love, and who made humanity in His image, before the Fall. 

The Law shows us that as fallen humans, our nature is no longer in tune with the Divine nature, the nature of God who is love. As it has been said, love toward God and each other is the foundation of the whole Law (Romans 13:9-10).

Since the Law is made for sinners, the ceremonial laws serve as symbolic reminders of the impurity of our fallen human nature. The prophet Isaiah tells us that because of our fallen nature, even our attempts at righteousness are like filthy rags to God (Isaiah 64:6). And the term translated "filthy rags" refers to dirty menstrual rags. 

According to the Law of Moses, a woman in the midst of her menstrual period was considered ceremonially "unclean", and she had to go through a whole ceremonial cleansing process before she could participate in public worship.

I remember once finding an article in a magazine that claimed that the biblical writers did not understand a woman's menstrual cycle, and that they thought of the biological process as shameful and bad. But in actuality, the author of that article is the one who does not understand the Law of Moses at all. 

The ceremonial laws were given by God for their symbolic value. It's not that there is anything wrong with, or shameful about a woman's biology. But the messy nature of it was used as a symbol for the impurity of our fallen human nature. The same idea is behind the laws concerning which animals were, or were not considered fit for ceremonial or dietary use. And the animal sacrifices prescribed in the Law of Moses are foreshadows of the sacrifice of Jesus on the cross (read Hebrews 10:1-25). 

Also, because the Law was made for sinners, there is a certain level of forbearance in it. God gave laws concerning treatment of slaves. And today we may wonder, "Why didn't He just forbid slavery altogether?" But these Laws were given as a Divine concession because human nature is hardened against doing right.

However, it should be noted that according to the Law of Moses, no one could lawfully be a slave for life. The people of Israel were required to free all their slaves at various intervals of time. And besides that, in the human traditions of those days, people were not enslaved because of their race. Ways that a person could become a slave, in those days, included being captured in battle during war-time; or a person might sell himself into slavery in order to pay a debt.

The pharisees who were opposed to Jesus once asked Him a question concerning the divorce law that Moses handed down to the people. According to the Law of Moses, if a man wanted to divorce his wife for any reason, he just had to give her a certificate of divorce and send her away. The pharisees asked Jesus if He agreed with this law. 

Jesus told them that Moses gave them this law because their hearts were hard. He told them that "from the beginning of creation God 'made them male and female.' 'For this reason a man shall leave his father and mother and be joined to his wife, and the two shall become one flesh'; so they are no longer two, but one. Therefore what God has joined together, let no man separate" (Mark 10:2-9).

And so here is an important point. God's desire is reconciliation between Himself and us. So the giving of the Law was a step in His plan to bring us back to the way it was in the beginning, before the Fall. The point of these laws was to make us aware of our sin and prod us toward returning to God who is love, and who made us in His own image. 

But the Law alone could not accomplish that ultimate goal. As the Scriptures tell "a man is not justified by the works of the law but by faith in Jesus Christ, even we have believed in Christ Jesus, that we might be justified by faith in Christ and not by the works of the law; for by the works of the law no flesh shall be justified" (Galatians 2:16).

The Law only reveals our need for reconciliation with God. It points us to Christ, who is the only Savior from sin. As the Scriptures tell "Therefore the law was our tutor to bring us to Christ, that we might be justified by faith" (Galatians 3:24). This is what Jesus meant when He said "Do not think that I came to destroy the Law and the Prophets. I did not come to destroy but to fulfill" (Matthew 5:17). 

Jesus the Son of God, through whom all things were created, came into the world and lived a pure, perfect, sinless life. And then He gave Himself as a perfect sacrifice to the Father for our sins. Now everyone who trusts in Him is clothed (so to speak) with His righteousness, just as He was clothed (so to speak) in our sin. 

And as we are clothed in His righteousness, and practice righteousness in Him, we will grow to be more and more like Him as we surrender to Him living in us. Our fallen nature is being put to death, while the Divine nature, in the image of which humanity was originally created, is taking over in our hearts. 

As Paul says, "I have been crucified with Christ; it is no longer I who live, but Christ lives in me; and the life which I now live in the flesh I live by faith in the Son of God, who loved me and gave Himself for me" (Galatians 2:20, also read Colossians 3:1-16).

"For what the law could not do in that it was weak through the flesh, God did by sending His own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh, on account of sin: He condemned sin in the flesh" (Romans 8:3). And in another passage, Paul writes "For He made Him who knew no sin to be sin for us, that we might become the righteousness of God in Him". 

And as Jesus Himself said, "It is written in the prophets, 'And they shall all be taught by God.' Therefore everyone who has heard and learned from the Father comes to me". (John 6:45). And as the apostle John wrote, "For the law was given through Moses, but grace and truth came through Jesus Christ" (John 1:17).

And so, the Law is truly perfect for what it was given to do; to tutor and lead sinners like you and me to Jesus Christ, who alone can reconcile us to the Father.

The Ephesian Goddess, Evolution, and the Resurrection of Jesus the Messiah

The Riot

In the course of his missionary journeys, the apostle Paul and his companions came to the city of Ephesus. Located in what is presently the country of Turkey, Ephesus had been under Greek and Roman rule successively. It was also the home of the temple of the goddess Diana, aka Artemis.

Paul was there, preaching the gospel of salvation through Jesus the Messiah. And there was a certain silversmith named Demetrius who became incensed by the Christian's denial of all gods other than Yahweh, the living God who created the heavens and the earth. Obviously, since Demetrius was a silversmith, he made his living by sculpting images of Diana and her temple.

Demetrius called together a crowd of people who did similar work to his own. He gave a speech against Paul and the gospel, and a riot began to boil. For two hours the crowd was shouting and chanting "Great is Diana of the Ephesians!"

Then the city clerk quieted the crowd and said "Men of Ephesus, what man is there who does not know that the city of the Ephesians is temple guardian of the great goddess Diana, and of the image which fell down from Zeus? Therefore, since these things can not be denied, you ought to be quiet and do nothing rashly" (Acts 19:35-36).

The "Empirical" Claim

I love how the city clerk considered what was probably a meteorite to be proof of the existence of Zeus and Diana. It reminds me of people who think evolution is confirmed by empirical science.

The city clerk had his interpretation of the fact. An "image" came down from Zeus. And it was probably kept in the temple of Diana, like a fossil in a museum. But his worldview did not come from the fact. Rather he used his pagan worldview, which he already had, to interpret the meaning of the object that fell from the sky.

In the same way, evolutionists have their interpretation of the facts. There are fossils. There are objects that range from simple to complex. There are sedimentary rock layers all over the earth. There are different kinds of creatures with similar biological or anatomical features. The evolutionist interprets these things according to his or her naturalistic worldview.

As a creationist, I see the fossil record as a record of extinction, not evolution. I see the simple-to-complex nature of things not as proof of evolution, but of the plain fact that there have always been simple-to-complex things in the universe. I see the sedimentary layers of the geological column as evidence of deep water (during the Genesis Flood), not deep time. I see biological/anatomical similitude in different kinds of creatures as evidence of a common Creator, not of a common evolutionary ancestor.

Worldviews do not come from evidence. Worldviews are used to interpret the evidence. 

Evidence for Jesus the Messiah

But perhaps the most well attested event in all of antiquities is the miraculous, bodily resurrection of Jesus the Messiah from the dead.

It is a historical fact that Jesus of Nazareth really lived in first century Israel. He was crucified and died. Furthermore, His disciples believed that He was raised from the dead and that He appeared to them as the risen Lord. 

It is a historical fact that Jesus' half-brother, James, became a believer after initially doubting Jesus. And it is a fact that Saul of Tarsus, a Pharisee, ceased persecuting Christians and began preaching that Jesus is the risen Savior, and had appeared to him on the road to Damascus. And he began to go by his gentile name, "Paul" since his ministry was primarily aimed at converting gentiles to the Messiah, Jesus.

These disciples of Jesus were willing to spread His gospel under severe persecution. All of them, except John, died martyr's deaths because they were convinced that Jesus rose from the dead and had appeared bodily to them. 

John, the youngest of the twelve apostles, suffered persecution for preaching about Jesus. In his old age he was exiled to the Island of Patmos. There he wrote the book of Revelation. John was also the author of the fourth Gospel account, and three letters (1st, 2nd, and 3rd John) that are now a part of the New Testament.

In fact, one of the oldest extant fragments from the New Testament is the Rylands Library Papyrus P52, also known as St. John's Papyrus. Being a portion of John chapter 18, the fragment of ancient papyrus was uncovered in Egypt and is considered to date back to approximately 100 A.D. to 150 A.D.

John died around 100 A.D. That's about seventy years after he witnessed the miracles of Christ, including His post-resurrection appearances, with his own eyes (1st John 1:1-4).

There is also much reason to believe confidently that Luke's gospel and the book of Acts were written by Luke before 65 A.D. If the book of Acts had been written later, it would not end where it does.

Acts is a sequel to Luke's gospel. It is a record of the works (deeds, or actions) of the apostles after Jesus rose from the dead.

The narrative of Acts ends with the apostle Paul still alive in Rome. Paul was beheaded by the Romans circa 67 A.D. for preaching about Jesus.

The book of Acts ends with no mention of the Jewish War, or the fall of Jerusalem which happened in 70 A.D. These major events of the first century were significant to early Church history.Yet the narrative ends where it does because Luke wrote it before these events took place.

In addition to all this, the Church leaders of the second century quoted so much from the New Testament books that even if there were no copies of the New Testament texts from earlier, virtually the entire N.T. could be reproduced just from the writings of the early Church leaders.

What it comes down to is this. Those who deny the resurrection of Jesus, do so not because of the historical evidence, but because they hold to a worldview that miracles don't happen. 

As C.S. Lewis wrote in the first chapter of his book, Miracles:

"In all my life I have met only one person who claims to have seen a ghost. And the interesting thing about the story is that the person disbelieved in the immortal soul before she saw the ghost and still disbelieves after seeing it. She says that what she saw must have been an illusion or a trick of the nerves...If anything extraordinary seems to have happened, we can always say that we have been the victims of an illusion. If we hold to a philosophy which excludes the supernatural, that is what we always shall say" (emphasis added).

So again we see that worldviews do not come from the evidence, but are utilized to interpret the evidence.